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991.
Füreder L. Vacha C. Amprosi K. Bühler S. Hansen C. M. E. Moritz C. 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2002,2(2):275-294
Natural and near-natural streams are rare in the densely populated areas of the Alps. A variety of anthropogenic impacts have resulted in the alteration and sometimes even complete destruction of these systems. Nowadays it is difficult to find un-impacted streams that are strongly needed to define the natural variability and ecosystem processes. The results from freshwater inventories and habitat assessments conducted in protected areas in Austria (Nationalpark Hohe Tauern) and Italy (Naturpark Rieserferner-Ahrn) were used to develop a comprehensive typology of Alpine streams. Three different levels were used to discriminate between the distinct stream/river types: source (glacial vs. non-glacial), hierarchy (i.e. location within the stream system) and topography/ channel morphology. Important characters defining the structure and function of these stream types are gradient, substrate composition, flow pattern and riparian vegetation. Benthic fauna assemblages from 99 near-natural stream segments in glacial and non-glacial systems demonstrated the effect of glaciation on abundance levels of the total macroinvertebrate fauna, EPT taxa (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera) and the chironomid subfamily Diamesinae in different altitudes. A general decrease of abundances with increasing altitude was found. While stream segments with a degree of glaciation >10% primarily showed reduced abundances at all altitudes, lower (<10%) or no glaciation did not influence invertebrate abundances at lower reaches. Due to the near-natural conditions of the selected stream segments, a valuable definition of reference conditions of Alpine streams based on habitat characteristics is available. As a basis it offers excellent opportunities to conduct holistic interdisciplinary studies in protected areas in the future. 相似文献
992.
Latex was purified from Parthenium argentatum Gray (guayule), Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg. (the Brazilian or para rubber tree), and Ficus elastica Roxb. (the Indian rubber tree) in ammonium alginate at pH 10. The rheological properties of the different latices (rubber particle suspensions) were determined and compared using flow temperature ramps. Latex from all three species became more viscous with increasing rubber particle concentration and decreasing temperature. At any particular temperature and concentration, latex from F. elastica was by far the most viscous, whereas the H. brasiliensis latex was the least viscous. In addition, the tendency for the latex to coagulate increased with increasing temperature and increasing particle concentration. F. elastica latex was highly sensitive to temperature, H. brasiliensis latex was the least sensitive, and P. argentatum latex demonstrated intermediate properties. The underlying causes of these differences in latex rheology are not clear but may partially relate to the particle size (largest in F. elastica and smallest in H. brasiliensis), the particle size distribution, and/or to the considerable differences in the biochemical components of the monolayer biomembrane that surrounds the various rubber particles. Differences in the molecular weight of the rubber contained within the rubber particles seem less likely to play a role because the particles remain intact in this study. 相似文献
993.
塔河下游胡杨和红柳自然恢复的土壤条件初步研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
主要研究了塔里木河下游中段,随塔里木河下游应急放水,河滩地的胡杨和红柳种子出苗与根系吸水后重新发芽生长等自然恢复措施的同时,分析了河床自然淹水条件下林灌草甸土的水分,盐分和肥力变化状况及其对胡杨和红柳乔灌木植被种子出苗和地下水位的升高对升灌木根系重新发芽生长的效果。根据对塔河下游定点观测取样分析结果来看,淹水林灌草甸土不但是自然恢复保护塔河下游绿色走廓的根本基础,而且是恢复与保护绿色走廓的一项有效措施。 相似文献
994.
在概述了自然资源和自然资源系统含义的基础上,分析了自然资源系统在人类发展的不同阶段(采集狩猎社会、原始农业社会、传统农业社会、工业社会、后工业社会、知识经济社会)的演化过程及其主要特征,并从自然界和人类活动两个方面探讨了自然资源系统演化的动力机制。 相似文献
995.
996.
攀枝花市资源开发与经济持续发展研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
攀枝花市是我国西部重要的能源、原材料生产基地和资源开发型城市,矿产、水能和农业自然资源是其最具开发优势的资源。从20世纪60年代中期以来大规模的资源开发促进了现代钢铁工业基地和城市社会经济的快速发展,但同时也带来了严重的生态环境问题:地质灾害、环境污染与生态破坏。针对攀枝花市资源开发利用中存在的资源开发结构单一、资源综合利用程度低、生态环境问题突出等问题,作者提出了实现资源合理开发与经济持续发展的相应措施。 相似文献
997.
998.
粘土对水中氟离子吸附去除机理的研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
研究了用粘土和天然絮凝剂MR去除水中氟离子的机理,探讨了吸附时间、溶液温度及pH对吸附的影响。结果证明,吸附过程属一级反应,在不同温度下吸附平衡遵循Langmuir等温式。同时也计算了热力学参数。 相似文献
999.
1000.
Donald D. Adelman 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2003,39(5):1079-1092
ABSTRACT: Ground water irrigation pumpage of the High Plains Aquifer is controlled at the state level in Texas and Oklahoma but at the regional level in Kansas and Nebraska. Critical declines in the aquifer that threatened the reliability of local public water supply wells prompted Nebraska's Upper Republican Natural Resources District (URNRD) to mandate water restrictions in 1978. Under current regulations, irrigators may not extract more than 1,842 millimeters of water per certified hectare (ha) in any five‐year period. Meter monitoring ensures that irrigators comply with restrictions. Farmers now incorporate irrigation scheduling into their cropping practices in order to meet URNRD controls. This study examines whether irrigators are using ground water efficiently while complying with pumpage limits. Crop irrigation requirements (CIR) from 1986 to 1999 were derived from a water balance approach incorporating Penman‐Monteith evapotranspira‐tion (ET) calculations from weather data supplied by the High Plains Climate Center automated weather station network. A ratio of average water pumped per well to the CIR was developed to verify irrigation efficiency. Results indicate that irrigation applications were less than CIR during most irrigation seasons. Irrigation efficiency increases can be attributed to crop rotations, favorable growing season precipitation, use of ET estimates to schedule irrigation, and water allocations limited to less than all certified hectares. 相似文献